Dynamic movement is inextricably linked to successful sports performance. Different types of movement need to be performed at different speeds, at different angles and with minimal risk of injury. This article aims to show the fundamental biomechanics of the body and the specific muscle group dysfunction that can cause muscle imbalances, which in turn can lead to uncoordinated and compromised muscle action. Tennis players for example are known to have poor hip flexibility which can reduce pelvic control and lead to lower back stress. Also poor scapula stabilisation and tight pectorals and internal rotators can inhibit efficient stroke production and cause overuse injuries in the shoulder joint. The following article the common problems associated with specific areas of the body and the resulting kinesthetic muscle imbalance.
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BACK
| Tight | Weak | | Asymmetrical Weight Shifting | Gastroc Soleus Bicep Femoris Adductors Iliopsoas Piriformis IT Band | Glute Medius Glute Maximus Transversus Abdominus Multifidius | | Lumbar Flexion | External Oblique Rectus Abdominus Hamstrings | Glute Medius Glute Maximus Transversus Abdominus Multifidius | | Lumbar Extension | Iliopsoas Rectus Femoris Erector Spinae Latissimus Dorsi | Glute Medius Glute Maximus Transversus Abdominus Multifidius | |
LOWER BODY
| Tight | Weak | | Feet Flatten | Gastroc Peroneals | Glute Medius Anterior Tibialis Posterier Tibialis | | Feet Externally Rotated | Soleus Bicep Femoris Piriformis | Glute Medius | | Knees Adduct | Adductors IT Band | Glute Medius Glute Maximus | | Knees Abduct | Bicep Femoris Iliopsoas Piriformis | Glute Medius Glute Maximus | |
UPPER BODY
| Tight | Weak | | Arms Forward When Overhead | Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major | Mid/Lower Trapezius | | Shoulder Blade Abducted | Upper Trap Levator Scapulae Pectoralis Major/Minor | Rhomboids Mid/Lower Trapezius | | Shoulder Blade Protracted | Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major/Minor | Rhomboids Mid/Lower Trapezius Teres Minor Infra Spinatus | | Shoulder Blade Elevated (Winging) | Upper Trapezius Levator Scapulae | Lower Trapezius | By Jez Green BSc
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